Genome-wide identification and characterization of Inositol Phosphokinase (IPK) gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Saira Ibrahim*, Tayyaba Andleeb, Muhammad Ramzan Khan, Muhammad Uzair
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
Abstract
Inositol phosphate kinases (IPKs) play vital roles in the synthesis and regulation of cellular levels of inositol polyphosphates, which perform vital functions in eukaryotic cells as second messengers. Due to the vital biological roles of the inositol phosphates, the kinases involved in their synthesis have gained great attention. The IPK gene family has not been extensively studied in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). In the present study, we reported a genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression patterns of the IPK gene family in wheat. Gene structure, genome distribution, motif conservation, and gene ontology enrichment analysis were carried out systematically. A total of 24 inositol phosphate kinase (IPK) genes were identified in the wheat genome that belonged to 8 homoeologous groups. The TaIPK genes were distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in all the three sub-genomes A, B, and D. Based on phylogenetic analysis, these genes were classified into four subfamilies. The subfamilies were defined based on conserved domains, motifs, chromosome locations, and gene structures. Eight pairs of paralogous IPKs were identified based on the phylogenetic relationships among wheat IPKs. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the significant role of IPK genes in different biological and molecular processes in addition to their role in inositol phosphate signaling. At different developmental stages, all the 24 TaIPKs exhibited diverse expression patterns in different tissues showing diversity in their biological functions. The current study identified and explored the properties of 24 IPK genes in the wheat genome at diverse levels, thus providing a strong foundation for researchers to understand the family of these kinases in wheat.
Submitted: 06/03/2024 | Revised: 24/05/2024 | Accepted: 05/06/2024
Pages 1-10 | Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data| doi: 10.21475/POJ.16.01.24.pne02
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Impact of high tropospheric ozone and nitrogen concentration on total protein and chlorophyll content of Pinus roxburghii
Saadullah Khan, Osama Alam, Hafiz Muhammad Ansab Jamil, Wasi Ullah Khan, Ahmad Ullah, Khan Niaz Khan, Rafiq Ahmad*
Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Bannu, 28100, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Department of Biology Edwardes College Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
Pinus roxburghii (P. roxburghii) is an important ecological and industrial conifer of the Himalayas. Plant boom is incredibly impacted by way of environmental stresses, in particular high ranges of nitrogen (N) and ozone (O3). This work aims to explore how these factors affect the total protein content and chlorophyll levels of P. roxburghii. Three consortiums were inoculated with two-year-old P. roxburghii seedlings. The stresses of 100 kg N h−1 and 100 ppb O3 were applied for 1 month to study their effect on chlorophyll level and total protein content. To evaluate their potential mitigating effects, the fungal consortium presented promising outcomes for the chosen plant species. The elevated metabolic activities and photosynthesis rate were determined by improved total protein content and high chlorophyll level (p<zero.05). The highest observed protein content (30.57548 µg/ml) occurred under combined O3 and N stress with consortium 1 (C1+O3+N). On the other hand, consortium 2 under nitrogen stress (C2+N3) alone resulted in the lowest protein content (14.537733 µg/ml). In addition, the high photosynthesis rate was determined by enhanced chlorophyll content, and C2-treated under O3 species showed high chlorophyll content C2 had the highest Chlorophyll a levels under O3 stress. C2+O3 had the biggest impact on Chlorophyll a content, while chlorophyll b increased the most. Both C1 and C2 enhanced P. roxburghii stress resistance. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying those interactions and perceive the particular fungal lines answerable for the found consequences.
Pages 11-18 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/POJ.16.01.24.pne03
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Phenotypic diversity in durum wheat landraces and cultivars from Morocco and North America
Youssef Chegdali*, Hassan Ouabbou, Ali Sahri, and Abdelkhalid Essamadi
Gene Bank Laboratory, Regional Centre of the Agricultural Research (CRRA) - National Institut of the Agricultural Research (INRA), Settat, 26000, Morocco
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neuroscience, Naturel Resources and Environnement, Department of Applied Biology and Food Processing, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan 1st University, Settat, 26000, Morocco
Abstract
Studying the phenotypic diversity of landraces and older advanced cultivars, along with their distribution, is important for breeding and germplasm conservation. To this sense, we analyzed the phenotypic diversity and spreading of 108 durum wheat accessions, including 56 landraces (LANs), 15 Moroccan cultivars (MCs), and 37 North American cultivars (NACs), using thirteen phenotypic descriptors. The collection studied was phenotypically very diverse (Shannon-Weaver index, H'mean=0.66). Spike color (H'mean=0.95), glume hairiness and spike waxiness (H'mean=0.89), peduncle attitude (H'mean=0.82), awn color (H' mean=0.75), and spike density and grain color (H'mean= 0.73) were the most diverse traits. The results also showed that NACs (H'mean=0.78) and the LANs (H'mean=0.69) were more diverse than MCs (H'mean=0.53). Multiple correspondence analyses explained 19.31% of the total variability and demonstrated a clear distinction between genotypes of Morocco and North America and between the LANs and MCs. These results of phenotypic diversity and distribution of studied genotypes can make a major leap forward in national breeding programs and germplasm collection expeditions.
Submitted: 05/02/2024 | Revised: 17/04/2024 | Accepted: 15/05/2024
Pages 19-27 | Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data| doi: 10.21475/POJ.16.01.24.pne04
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